Boswellia

Boswellia, also known as Indian frankincense, is a resinous extract obtained from the Boswellia serrata tree, native to India, North Africa, and the Middle East. Traditionally used in Ayurvedic and folk medicine, Boswellia has been valued for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and expectorant properties, commonly applied to conditions such as arthritis, asthma, and digestive disorders. In modern times, Boswellia is primarily used as a supplement to support joint health and manage inflammation-related ailments. Its active compounds, particularly boswellic acids, have been the subject of research, with several studies suggesting potential benefits for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma.

Key Facts

• Boswellia contains boswellic acids, especially AKBA (acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid), which are responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects.
• Clinical studies indicate Boswellia may reduce joint pain, stiffness, and improve mobility in osteoarthritis sufferers.
• It acts by inhibiting the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, thereby reducing leukotriene formation and inflammation.
• Boswellia is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, powders, resins, and topical creams.
• Side effects are generally mild but can include stomach upset, diarrhoea, nausea, and skin rash in rare cases.
• The quality and effectiveness of Boswellia supplements depend on the concentration of boswellic acids, with higher-standardised extracts being preferable.

What does the research say about Boswellia and its effects on the body?

Research on Boswellia highlights its notable anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, primarily attributed to boswellic acids that inhibit inflammatory pathways. Randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses show that Boswellia supplementation can significantly reduce pain, stiffness, and improve function in people with osteoarthritis, with some studies also noting benefits for rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma. While promising, most studies are small or of moderate quality, and further large-scale research is needed to confirm its efficacy across various conditions.

How is Boswellia traditionally used?

In traditional Indian (Ayurvedic) medicine, Boswellia resin has been used internally as a stimulant and expectorant, and externally as an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent. It has been employed to treat chronic pulmonary diseases, rheumatic disorders, digestive complaints, painful periods, and general weakness, as well as to enhance spiritual well-being.

How to consume or apply Boswellia?

Boswellia can be taken orally in the form of capsules, tablets, or powders, or applied topically as creams or ointments. Oral supplements are most commonly standardised to a percentage of boswellic acids, and typical dosages range from 100 mg to 1,000 mg daily, depending on the product and intended use. For topical use, Boswellia creams are applied directly to affected joints or skin areas.

Are there any known side effects or precautions when using Boswellia?

Boswellia is generally well tolerated, but some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as stomach pain, heartburn, nausea, or diarrhoea, and rarely, skin rashes or allergic reactions with topical use. It is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding, and it may interact with certain medications by affecting liver enzymes, so consultation with a healthcare provider is advised before starting supplementation.

How long does it take to see the benefits of Boswellia?

Improvements in joint pain and inflammation are often reported within a few weeks of consistent Boswellia use, with some studies noting significant benefits after four to twelve weeks. The onset of effects may vary depending on the condition being treated, the dosage, and individual response.

What to look for when purchasing Boswellia products?

When choosing a Boswellia supplement, look for products that specify the species (Boswellia serrata) and are standardised to a high percentage of boswellic acids, ideally 65% or higher, with a clear indication of AKBA content. Opt for reputable brands that provide third-party testing or certifications to ensure purity and potency, and compare the actual milligrams of Boswellia per serving for the best value.

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Is Boswellia safe for long-term use?

Current evidence suggests that Boswellia is safe for most adults when taken in recommended dosages for up to six months, with no reports of serious adverse effects in clinical trials. However, as with any supplement, long-term safety beyond this period has not been extensively studied, so periodic consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended.

Can Boswellia help with gut health or inflammatory bowel disease?

Boswellia’s anti-inflammatory action may benefit those with inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, with some studies showing symptom improvement and even remission in a significant proportion of patients. However, more high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects and establish optimal dosing for digestive health.

Can Boswellia be taken with other anti-inflammatory supplements or medications?

Boswellia is sometimes combined with other anti-inflammatory agents like turmeric for synergistic benefits, particularly for joint health. While there are no widely reported interactions with standard anti-inflammatory medications, Boswellia may affect the metabolism of certain drugs, so it is best to consult a healthcare professional before combining supplements or altering prescribed treatments.

Written by Gintare Sukyte