Hawthorn

Hawthorn (Crataegus species) is a small, thorny tree or shrub native to Europe, Asia, and North America, renowned in both traditional and modern herbal medicine for its potential cardiovascular benefits. The plant’s berries, leaves, and flowers have been used for centuries to support heart health, aid digestion, and alleviate anxiety. Today, hawthorn is commonly found in supplements aimed at improving blood flow, lowering blood pressure, and reducing cholesterol, with a growing body of research investigating its role in managing heart failure and other cardiovascular conditions. Its effects are largely attributed to a rich content of flavonoids, polyphenols, and oligomeric procyanidins, which act as antioxidants and support vascular function.

Key Facts

• Hawthorn contains potent antioxidants, including flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, which help neutralise free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.
• Research suggests hawthorn may support heart health by improving blood flow, lowering blood pressure, and reducing cholesterol levels.
• The plant’s extracts have shown promise in alleviating symptoms of mild to moderate congestive heart failure and improving exercise tolerance.
• Hawthorn’s active compounds, such as vitexin and rutin, are concentrated in the leaves and flowers, making these parts especially valued in supplements.
• In addition to cardiovascular benefits, hawthorn has been used traditionally for digestive complaints, anxiety, and as a mild sedative.
• Hawthorn can interact with several prescription medications, particularly those for heart disease and blood pressure, so medical supervision is advised.

What does the research say about Hawthorn and its effects on the body?

Multiple clinical studies and meta-analyses indicate that hawthorn extract can improve symptoms of mild to moderate heart failure, such as fatigue and shortness of breath, when used alongside conventional treatments. Evidence also suggests it may help lower blood pressure and cholesterol, although more robust human trials are needed to confirm these effects and to clarify its efficacy for other cardiovascular conditions.

How is Hawthorn traditionally used?

Traditionally, hawthorn has been used in European, Chinese, and Native American herbal medicine as a remedy for heart complaints, digestive issues, and anxiety. The berries, leaves, and flowers are prepared as teas, tinctures, or extracts, and hawthorn fruit is sometimes consumed as food or made into jams and wines.

How to consume Hawthorn?

Hawthorn can be taken as capsules, tablets, liquid extracts, tinctures, or brewed as a tea from dried leaves, flowers, or berries. Typical supplement doses range from 160 to 900 mg per day of standardised extract, often divided into two or three doses, but formulations and concentrations vary widely. It is important to follow product instructions and consult a healthcare professional for personalised guidance.

Are there any known side effects or precautions when using Hawthorn?

Hawthorn is generally well tolerated, but mild side effects such as dizziness, nausea, headache, and palpitations have been reported. It can interact with medications for heart disease, blood pressure, and blood clotting, potentially increasing their effects or side effects. People who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or allergic to hawthorn should avoid its use unless advised by a healthcare provider.

How long does it take to see the benefits of Hawthorn?

Clinical trials suggest that noticeable improvements, particularly for heart failure symptoms, may occur after 6 to 8 weeks of regular use. For blood pressure and cholesterol, effects may take several weeks to become apparent, and consistent, long-term use is often necessary to evaluate benefits.

What to look for when purchasing Hawthorn products?

Choose supplements that specify the part of the plant used (leaves, flowers, or berries) and standardise active compounds, such as flavonoids or procyanidins, for consistency and potency. Opt for products from reputable manufacturers that adhere to quality standards, and avoid Hawthorn if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking interacting medications unless advised by a healthcare professional.

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Is Hawthorn good for anxiety?

Some evidence and traditional use suggest hawthorn may have mild sedative and anxiolytic effects, likely due to its calming action on the nervous system. While it is not a primary treatment for anxiety, some people find it helpful as a gentle adjunct, but more research is needed to support its use for this purpose.

Can Hawthorn be taken long-term?

Hawthorn appears safe for long-term use in most adults when taken at recommended doses, with studies lasting up to 24 weeks showing good tolerability. However, ongoing monitoring is advised, especially if you take other medications or have chronic health conditions, as interactions and rare side effects are possible.

What is the best time of day to take Hawthorn supplements?

There is no strict timing required for hawthorn supplementation, but it is commonly taken with meals to enhance absorption and minimise digestive discomfort. If using a divided dose, spread it evenly throughout the day, and always follow the manufacturer’s instructions or your healthcare provider’s advice.

Written by Gintare Sukyte