Niacinamide

Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide, is a water-soluble form of vitamin B3 found in foods such as meat, fish, milk, and green vegetables. Traditionally, it has been used to prevent and treat pellagra, a disease caused by niacin deficiency, and has more recently become a staple in skincare for its ability to address a variety of skin concerns. Niacinamide interacts with the body by supporting cellular energy production and DNA repair, and when applied topically, it can improve skin barrier function, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production. Modern research highlights its benefits in managing acne, hyperpigmentation, and even reducing the risk of certain skin cancers, making it a versatile nutrient for both oral and topical use.

Key Facts

• Niacinamide is a key ingredient in many skincare products, targeting acne, redness, and uneven skin tone.
• It helps strengthen the skin’s lipid barrier, improving hydration and reducing sensitivity.
• Oral niacinamide is used to treat and prevent vitamin B3 deficiency and related conditions such as pellagra.
• Studies show it may help lower phosphate levels in people with chronic kidney disease and could slow the progression of type 1 diabetes.
• Niacinamide is generally well tolerated, with minimal side effects at recommended doses.

What does the research say about niacinamide and its effects on the body?

Research demonstrates that niacinamide is crucial for cellular health, supporting the synthesis of NAD⁺, which is vital for energy production, DNA repair, and reduction of oxidative stress in cells. Clinical studies confirm its effectiveness in improving skin hydration, reducing inflammation, and managing acne, while oral supplementation is essential for preventing and treating pellagra and may have benefits in chronic kidney disease and type 1 diabetes, though more research is needed for some of these uses.

How is niacinamide traditionally used?

Traditionally, niacinamide has been used as an oral supplement to prevent and treat niacin deficiency, particularly pellagra, which was historically common in populations with limited dietary diversity. It has also been employed in dermatology as a topical agent to manage inflammatory skin conditions such as acne and eczema, owing to its anti-inflammatory and barrier-strengthening properties.

How to apply niacinamide?

For skin benefits, it is commonly found in serums, creams, and moisturisers at concentrations between 2% and 10%, and can be applied once or twice daily after cleansing and before heavier creams or sunscreen.

Are there any known side effects or precautions when using niacinamide?

Niacinamide is generally safe for most people when used at recommended dosages. Those with sensitive skin should patch test topical products, and anyone with underlying health conditions should consult a healthcare provider before starting supplementation.

How long does it take to see the benefits of niacinamide?

Visible improvements in skin texture, hydration, and reduction in acne or redness may be noticed within 4 to 8 weeks of consistent topical use, with more significant changes such as fading of dark spots, often taking 2 to 3 months.

What to look for when purchasing niacinamide products?

When choosing niacinamide products, look for reputable brands with clear labelling of concentration (ideally between 2% and 10% for topical use). Ensure the product is formulated for your skin type and avoid unnecessary additives or fragrances if you have sensitive skin. Medino Recommends:

Is niacinamide suitable for all skin types?

Yes, niacinamide is generally well tolerated by all skin types, including sensitive, oily, dry, and combination skin. Its ability to regulate oil production and strengthen the skin barrier makes it especially beneficial for those with acne-prone or reactive skin.

Can niacinamide be used with other active ingredients?

Niacinamide pairs well with most other skincare actives, such as hyaluronic acid, retinol, and peptides. However, some experts recommend avoiding simultaneous use with highly acidic vitamin C serums to minimise the risk of irritation, suggesting alternating their use between morning and evening routines.

Does niacinamide help with hyperpigmentation?

Yes, research indicates that niacinamide can help reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation by inhibiting melanin transfer within the skin, leading to a more even skin tone over time. Consistent use is key, and results are typically seen after several weeks of daily application.

Written by Gintare Sukyte